10^th International Tissue Repair and Regeneration Congress June 13-14, 2019 Scandic Jarvenpaa | Helsinki, Finland

Translational Stem Cell Research opens with an overview of the latest in stem cell research, focusing on specific diseases and the treatment of burn victims. From a translational perspective, we outline the challenges that may vary across preclinical models for the evaluation of stem cell therapy in situations that require periodontal reconstruction and the safety issues that are related to clinical applications of human stem cells. Although clinical trials that use autologous periodontal ligament stem cells have been approved and have already been initiated, proper consideration of the technical, safety, and regulatory concerns may facilitate, rather than inhibit, the clinical translation of new therapies.

Tissue Engineering is addressed to create functional tissues which include cells, scaffolds, and bioactive molecules. It is the development of biological substitutes that maintains, improves or restores tissue functions resulting in sidestepping the problems associated with tissue damage. In the present, it is treated with transplants, mechanical devices or surgical reconstructions, these three medical therapies have saved and improved countless patients’ lives with few associated problems. For example, transplantation in organs shows limitations such as transplant rejections and lack of donor to cover all the worldwide demand. Mechanical devices are not capable of accomplishing all the functions related to the tissue and also the prevention of progressive deterioration in patients.  Thus it has informed that Tissue Engineering arises from the need to provide more definitive solutions to tissue repairs.

Appropriately preserved stem cells can be later used in the field of regenerative medicine for treating congenital disorders, heart defects etc. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue would have many benefits for infertility treatment. A direct application of such a technique would be in overcoming infertility in cancer patients rendered infertile by harmful treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy which indiscriminately destroy diseased as well as healthy cells. The ability to cryopreserve pre-implantation embryos from both animal and human sources has helped to overcome some of the practical concerns.

Regeneration and development are intricately linked processes. Following injury and disease, many developmental pathways are reactivated in order to regenerate damaged tissues. Understanding these developmental mechanisms and how they are recycled in response to tissue damage can inform efforts to achieve regeneration in cases where it does not naturally occur (as with human limbs) and efforts to utilize embryonic stem cells to engineer cell types and tissues in vitro with an eye towards therapies.

Nanotechnology is currently being utilized for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Nanostructures can mimic tissue-specific bio environments by designing constructs with particular biochemical, mechanical and electrical properties. Biomimetic nanopatterns alone can direct the differentiation of stem cells without involvement of exogenous soluble biochemical factors. This regulation of cellular behavior by nanotechnology is one of many examples demonstrating the significant applications of nanoengineering in biomedicine.  Therefore, tissue can be engineered by employing these nanostructures for enhanced cell adhesion, growth and differentiation. As the range of tissues being proposed for engineering increases, there is also a proportional increase in demand for new scaffold properties.

 Regenerative rehabilitation is the values as of rehabilitation and regenerative medicine, with the ultimate goal of developing innovative and operative methods that promote the restoration of function through tissue regeneration and repair. In order to provide an optimal microenvironment for healing tissues, physical therapists use directed therapy to maximize the productivity of the body's innate healing processes. Rehabilitation coupled with regenerative medicine surgeries has shown improved outcomes for tissue regeneration. With innovative findings from medical researchers in tissue engineering and cellular therapies, physical therapies play an important role in translating these findings.

Stem cells are feasible to design and test interventions to slow aging and improve health and longevity. It is believed that stem cell failure contributes to a decline in health during aging; so the development of effective methods to induce and differentiate pluripotent stem cells via cell replacement therapy provides an exciting avenue for the treatment of degenerative age-related diseases. It is believed that the regenerative potential of these cells is due to their high differentiation and proliferation capabilities, paracrine activity and immune privilege. Therefore, the stem cells can be used for cell replacement therapy as a therapeutic intervention aimed at mitigating the effects of aging.

Tissue Engineering has evoked new hopes for the cure of failure of Organs and loss tissue by creating functional substitutes in laboratory. TE provides new technology platforms to study the mechanism of angiogenesis and tumour cell growth and potentially tumour spreading in cancer research. The synthesis of TE with innovative methods of molecular biology and stem-cell technology may help investigate and potentially modulate principal phenomena of tumour growth and spreading, as well as tumour-related angiogenesis. TE can be applied to cure the cancer in Breast, Skin, Melanoma, Bone, Prostate, Liver and brain.

An experimental technique which uses the genetic cell in the modification of the stem cells in the treatment or prevention of the disease is referred to as the combined Gene and Stem cell therapy. The therapy in general influences the course of different genetic and multi factorial diseases at the DNA/RNA level. The stem cells used in the gene therapy is a valid one which has a complex consequence for treating a variety of diseases, where most don’t have a cure.

The repair or replacement of damaged skins is still an important, challenging problem. Immune acceptance and long-term existence of skin grafts represent the major problem to overawe in grafting given that in most situations auto grafts cannot be used. The rise of artificial skin substitutes provides alternate treatment with the ability to diminish the dependency on the growing demand of cadaver skin grafts. Over the years, considerable research efforts have focused on strategies for skin repair or permanent skin graft transplantations. Accessible skin substitutes include pre- or post-transplantation treatments of donor cells, stem cell-based therapies, and skin counterparts composed of bio-engineered cellular skin substitutes. However, skin substitutes are still prone to immunological rejection, and as such, there is currently no skin substitute available to overcome this phenomenon. This emphasis on the mechanisms of skin rejection and tolerance induction and outlines in detail current available tactics and alternatives that may allow achieving full-thickness skin replacement and repair.